                
                  "  "
    

              1.    .
                 ===================================
    
         1.1  業਩ 1.
      ணࠬ  稭  ⮣,  ᢥ稢  ⮤, 
஬ ᫥   ⮤ ஢ (  4-5), 
짮⥫ 롨ࠥ   . ᫥ ⮣  ࠭ (   
⮤)   ०,  짮⥫ 롨ࠥ 㦭 ०  (-
  ).  ⥬ ࠢ  ⮣     (-
 ࠭      .),  ஬  짮⥫  
㪠  ᫥⥫쭮⥩,   㯮冷祭.  ᫥ ⮣ 
ࠡ ᪠ 楤 ஢;  ᮮ⢥騥 ⢨ ணࠬ-
,   ࠧ 業ਥ,  ᠭ .
       ----------------------------------------------
       |          +---⮤ ஢:--+         |
       |          |   ⠢      |         |
       |          |  ⮤ 쪠 (*)   |         |
       |          |     ...               |         |
       |          |  . ᫨ﭨ     |         |
       |          +-----------------------+         |
       |  +----------------+  +------------------+  |
       |  | :  |  |  (<=15):    |  |
       |  +----------------+  +------------------+  |
       |                                            |
       |             ப ᪠               |
       ----------------------------------------------
      㪠    襭 梥⮬, ⫨  梥-
 ࠭;       ᮢ ࠬ.       
ப ࠭   뤠 ᪠, 㪠뢠,  ᥩ  
 짮⥫,            .
 ᪠   ᫥騬.
    1) ᪠   ⮤ (  ६  ):
       : ,,Home,End-ᤢ   Enter-롮   Esc-室
 ⮬  ᥣ   뤥 (ᢥ祭 ᢮ 梥⮬)    -
⮤:  砫   ⮤,  ⥬ - ,   ࠭  ᫥
ࠧ.  ⨨      뤥 ᥤ ( )  -
⮤,  ⨨  Home  End -   ᫥. ⨥ Enter
砥  롮 ⮣ ⮤,  ᥩ 뤥,   ⨨ Ecs ந-
 室  ணࠬ.
    ᫨ ࠭ ⮤,  ॠ  ணࠬ,  ᫥ ᮮ 
⮬ (ਬ,   ப ࠭)   짮⥫  -
   ( ᮮ饭  ஬쪭  ࠭).   짮-
⥫ ᤥ ,   ⠭ ᪠    ࠧ  த
롮 ⮤.  ⮤ ஢,  ⢨⥫쭮 ॠ  ணࠬ,
⥫쭮 -  (ਬ, 窮  ᪮).
    2) ᪠   ० ( ):
       :  ஡-ᬥ ०   Enter-롮   Esc-⪠
    "஡"   ⮬    ந室 ।
᫮   .  ⨥ Enter 砥 롮 ०,    ᥩ
㪠  .  ⨥  Esc 砥 ⪠  롮 ०;  ⮬ -
砥 ᫥ 㤠   ࠭ (  梥⮬ ࠭)  
  ⮤, ⠭  ᪠.  ୮   -
    㪠뢠 ०, ࠭  ᫥ ࠧ.
    3) ᪠   :
       :  Enter-     Esc-⪠
 ⮬  ४ 㪠 ᨬ쭮   㯮冷稢-
 ᫥⥫쭮⥩:  100     ਬ୮ 15  ⫠.  
     㪠뢠   । ᨬ. -
 㤥   Enter,  ᫥ ० ᥣ ஢ ࠢ쭮
 ᫠   稭;   訡 - ᮮ   (ਬ,  -
 ப ࠭)    ࠧ 짮⥫ ࠢ ᫮.  ᫨ 
 Esc,  ᫥  ࠭        ०-
,  ⠭  ᪠.   ୮       
 ᢥ稢 ࠭ ࠭ ᫮.
    
         1.2  業਩ 2.
     ணࠬ 稭  ⪨ ࠭  ᢥ稢    孥
ப ᭮   5 ࠧ (. .),     
뤥.     .
          ------------------------------------------
          |              |
          |----------------------------------------|
          |                                        |
          |                                        |
          |                                        |
          |     ᪠  ᭮        |
          ------------------------------------------
      窥 ࠭    ப-᪠ ਬ୮ -
 :
          <-, -> - ᤢ    Enter - 롮
 ⨨  <-  -> 뤥 ᥤ ( ) ࠧ , 
 ⨨ Enter 롨ࠥ 뤥 ࠧ.
     롮 ࠧ    ࠭  ( ᭮ )   -
  ⮤,     ப ࠭  - ᮮ⢥ ᪠
(. .).    業ਨ 1, 짮⥫ 롨ࠥ   ⮤. -
 祣 ࠭ 頥   ⮤  ந室   ᭮ -
 ( ⠭  ᪠).
          ------------------------------------------
          |              |
          |----------------------------------------|
          |  -------------------------             |
          |  |   ⠢      |             |
          |  |  ⮤ 쪠  (*)  |             |
          |  |     ...               |             |
          |  |  ⮤           |             |
          |  +-----------------------+             |
          |                                        |
          |                                        |
          |     ᪠   ⮤         |
          ------------------------------------------
     롮  ᭮  ࠧ   ࠭   -
 ० ( ᢮ ᪠),   짮⥫ 롨ࠥ 㦭  ०,
᫥ 祣 ᫥     ࠭       ᭮ .
 ⢨  ந  롮 ࠧ .  롮 ࠧ
 砥   ࠡ 楤 ஢ (. ),    -
 ࠧ  - 襭 ࠡ ணࠬ.
     뢠,   ࠧ ᭮   롨 -
ᨬ   㣠, ⮬   樨.  ਬ, ࠧ
   ࠭  ⮣,     ⮤, ०  .
  ० "" 뫠 ⠭  60,   ⥬   ०  
  "⫠",  ⠪  ⨬.  ⮬  ᯮ짮-
 ⮣ 業    ࠭ த㬠 ॠ ணࠬ  -
 樨  (ਬ,   祭  㬮砭   ⮤,
०  ).
    
         1.3  楤 ஢.
       ⮤, ०  ,  稭 ࠡ 楤 -
஢.  ० ᥣ ᫥  ࠭,  쭥訥 ⢨ -
  ०.
     ० "" 楤  " ⥬" ᣥ஢ 4-5  ᫥-
⥫쭮⥩        㯮冷 ࠭ ⮤,
뢠  ⮬ ᫮ ࠢ, ᫮ ६饭  ६ ஢.
 稭,  ⠪  । 祭   뤠  ࠭  -
 ⠡.  ⥬   ⥪ "   ",   
짮⥫   , ⠡  ࠭  ࠭. ᫥
⮣  ᫥ ⠭  ﭨ ࠭, ஥ 뫮  砫 -
 楤 ஢.
     ० "⫠"    ࠭          N
ப,   N -  짮⥫  㯮冷稢 ᫥⥫-
⥩,    ப ࠭ - ਬ୮ ⠪ ᪠:
       :  Enter,,-    ᤢ   Esc-⪠
         +-----------------------------------+
         |                                   |
         |  -- dd.mm.yy --    -------------  |
         |  | 9.5.45     |    |   |  |
         |  | 25.11.17   |    | 蠣 |  |
         |  | 15.7_      |    |     |  |
         |  |            |    |           |  |
         |  |            |    |           |  |
         |  --------------    -------------  |
         |                                   |
         |           ᪠               |
         +-----------------------------------+
     ।祭   室  (⥫쭮  孥 -
  㪠 ॡ㥬 ଠ ; 窨 ࠭  ⠢). 
    뢠 , 㤠 㤥 饭 । ᨬ.   ப
,  ன ᥩ  ,    뤥  ᮡ 梥⮬.
⨥    Enter    ਧ   ⥪饩  
室  ᫥饩 () ப .   ஢,  ࠢ쭮  
  ,  ᫨ , ᮮ  ⮬ 짮⥫ (㪮 ᨣ-
  - ᮮ饭)     ⥪饩 ப , ⮡ -
⥫  ࠢ . 室  ᥤ ப ⨬ ⮫쪮  
ࠢ쭮 .    祭,    ந室 室 
।饩   (  㦥  ⮬ 砥,  짮⥫ 
 ࠭ ࠭ ).
    ࠢ     ப  砥   ᥩ -
室 ᫥⥫쭮 ( ᤥ  ⠪, ⮡ ਧ  
뫮 ⨥ - ᮡ ).  ⮬ 砥  ࠢ  -
࠭   㣮    ࠡ 楤 ஢,
  ࠢ  㤥 뤠 ﭨ  㯮冷稢  ᫥-
⥫쭮 ᫥  蠣 ஢ - ⠪ 뤠  ᤥ  易⥫-
!.  ᫥  뤠  ᫥ ,   짮⥫    -
- ,    㤥 ᫥   ࠡ⮩  楤.  
 殢    ⮬     㯮冷祭 ᫥⥫-
,  ⮣ ᫥ 㪠 ᫮ 믮  ஢ ࠢ 
६饭,   ⠪ 祭 ६.   "⨭"  ࠭
 ࠭,  짮⥫   - .   ᫥
      짮⥫   室 ᫥-
⥫쭮  ( ⮩   N).
    ᫨    (  )   Esc,   砥
⪠    室 ᫥⥫쭮     ।-
饬  蠣 ࠡ ணࠬ (      ᭮ ); -
࠭   ਢ  ﭨ, ᮮ⢥饥 ⮬ 蠣.
    
         1.4   ।஢.
       㯮冷稢 ᫥⥫쭮⥩  ᠬ  짮-
⥫   ।⠢  ࠢ  ⥪. 
⮬    室  ।     ॠ஢  
᫥騥 :
    <-, ->    - ᤢ     ( ࠬ  )
    Home,End  - ᤢ   砫/ ࠭ ⥪
    Del       - 㭨⮦ ᨬ  ஬  ( ᤢ  "墮"
                ᮤন  ),   ⠥  
    Backspace - 㤠 ᨬ  ᫥   ( ᤢ "墮")  
                ᤢ   (᫨  -  砫  ,
                 祣  )
    Ins       - ४祭  ० ⠢   (砫 -
                ⮬᪨ ⠭ ० ⠢)
    Enter, Esc (   ⠪   ) -  
    
              
              2.   .
                 ======================
    
      ணࠬ,   ॠ  ,  뤥 
஢ 楤.  ⠭⭮ 㫥 CRT    ᯮ⥫쭮  㫥  CRT1
  楤, ।祭  ࠡ  ⤥묨 ᨬ -
  .    ᭮ ,  ᪠  ᮡ " ࠪ-
㬠  .   1",  ॠ 楤  ࠡ  ﬨ  (ﬨ
ப) ࠭. 騩 ஢ - 楤  ࠡ    . ,
, 孨 ஢ - ⢨ ணࠬ  業   짮-
⥫.
    
         2.1 ⥫ ᢥ   CRT  CRT1
    2.1.1  ⮣  ⮡  ணࠬ  뫮 ᯮ짮 楤-
, ⠭⠬  ..  㫥 CRT  CRT1,  ᫥   砫  ணࠬ
ࠧ     
       uses crt, crt1;
    
    2.1.2  楤, ᠭ  ᮡ,  㫥 CRT1   ᫥-
騥 楤 ( ࠬ஢):
       crsoff -    ࠭ (ᤥ  )
       crson  - ⠭  
       wait   -     ( "⠥")
       bell   - 㪮 ᨣ
    
    2.1.3    㫥  CRT  ᠭ ᫥騥 ⠭   來
祭 梥⮢:
     black=0;     {}            darkgray=8;      {⥬-}
     blue=1;      {ᨭ}             lightblue=9;     {ᢥ⫮-ᨭ}
     green=2;     {}           lightgreen=10;   {ᠫ⮢}
     cyan=3;      {ᨭ-}      lightcyan=11;    {㡮}
     red=4;       {}           lightred=12;     {ᢥ⫮-}
     magenta=5;   {}         lightmagenta=13; {ᢥ⫮-}
     brown=6;     {筥}        yellow=14;       {}
     lightgray=7; {}             white=15;        {}
    ⨬  ﬨ  짮  ᫮  梥⮢. -
ਬ,  ਡ "  ᨭ 䮭"  ⠪: 16*blue+white.  (-
묨   ⮫쪮 梥  0  7.)
    
    2.1.4    ࠢ , 뤠 楤-
ன inkey   CRT1:
       - 72               - 80         <-  - 75           -> - 77
   Home - 71            End - 79        PgUp - 73         PgDn - 81
    Tab -  9      Shift+Tab - 15         Esc - 27        Enter - 13
    Del - 83      Backspace -  8         Ins - 82
     F1 - 59             F2 - 60           ...             F10 - 68
⥫쭮  ணࠬ  ⠭  室騬 :
      const Enter=#13; Up=#72; EndKey=#79; F3=#61; ...
 㦥  짮.
    
    2.1.5  ᨬ  ᮢ ࠬ  :
    
  218:    196:    191:           201:    205:    187: 
    
  179:    197:    179:           186:    206:    186: 
    
  192:    196:    217:           200:    205:    188: 
    
         2.2    ࠭  ன.
    2.2.1  ଠ, ⮡ࠦ  ࠭, ࠭  ᯥ樠쭮 
⨢ , 뢠 ,  ( 窨 ७ ᪠-
)   ᬠਢ     25 ப   80 ⮫殢,  祬
⠬ ⮩    -  ᨬ, ᢥ稢  ᮮ-
饩 樨 ࠭,  梥⮢ ਡ ⮩ 樨.  ᥪ㭤
   ⭮ ᬠਢ, ⮬    
 ࠦ  ࠭, ..    (ᨬ  /
ਡ)     砥 뢮  ࠭. ⥭   祥 -
  ।  ଠ,  ᥩ ᢥ祭   -
࠭. ⮬ ࠡ  ࠭ -  ࠡ   楩 (楤 
㫥 CRT  CTR1  "ਪ뢠" 筮 ᯮ ).
    ਬ, 楤 getfield ॠ ⠪:
procedure getfield(x,y,n:byte; var s:string);
  var i:byte;
begin
  s[0]:=chr(n);    {ࠧ   ப -  ᨬ   n}
  for i:=1 to n do s[i]:=getch(x+i-1,y); { s[i]:=video[y,x+i-1].ch}
end;

    2.2.2        ( ᨬ),  
   ।  .  ⮬ ᨬ ⮬᪨ 
ᢥ稢  ࠭ -  ⥫쭮 ⢨, ஥    
믮,      믮.  裡  ⨬ ࠧ  
  - " 宬",   ᨬ   ᢥ稢  ࠭, 
" ",  ᨬ  ᢥ稢. ⠭⭠ 楤  read  -
⢫    宬,   楤 inkey   CTR1 -  . 
ᯮ짮 inkey   ⮬, ᢥ稢 ᨬ  ,  ᫨ ᢥ-
稢,    樨 ࠭, 蠥  ணࠬ.  ਬ,  ᫨
  ࠢ   (⨯ Enter  ),   ࠭ 筮 祣
 ᢥ稢,  ᫨  "筠" (㪢-஢)  ,  
,    ࠢ,  뢮   ࠭.  ⤥ 樨  
樨 뢮  ࠭   ணࠬ஢ । ,  -
  " ⥬"  ᨬ  ᨬ  ।,    -
  .
    ਬ  楤 readfield:
procedure readfield(x,y,n:byte; stopkey:string; var s:string;
                    var key:char);
  const ins=#82; { ins}  left=#75; {५ } ...
    ... ᠭ 㣨  ⠭, ६  ..
begin
       {砫 ⢨}
  insmode:=true;    {० ⠢}
  x1:=x; x2:=x+n-1; {.  . 樨 ; x - ⥪ ( )}
  gotoXY(x1,y);     { -  砫 }
  repeat  {⥫ 横 -   ࠡ⪠ । ᨬ}
    inkey(key,spec);  { ᨬ  }
    if spec then {ࠢ }
      begin
        if pos(key,stopkey)<>0 then {⮯-}
          begin
            getfield(x1,y,n,s); { ᨬ  => s}
            exit; { }
          end;
            case key of  { 㣨 . }
        ins: insmode:=not insmode; {ᬥ ० ⠢/}
        left: { , ᫨    砫 }
          if x>x1 then dec(x); {ॠ쭮    ᤢ,
                         㤥 ᤥ  -   ⥫ 横}
        ...
        else ;  { ࠢ騥  }
            end; {case}
      end {.}
            else  {筠 }
    if insmode then {० ⠢}
           ...
               else {० }
      begin
        putch(x,y,key);  {뢮 ᨬ  樨 }
        if x<x2 then inc(x); {ᤢ  ࠢ, ᫨    }
      end;
    gotoXY(x,y); {᫥ ࠡ⪨ ᨬ ६   
                    ⠢  ஬, ᫨ x  }
  until false;
end;
    
    2.2.3   ᯮ⥫ 楤  ࠡ  ﬨ, 㪠 
ᮡ, ⥫쭮 ⠪ । ᫥騥 楤:
      puthelp(s,a) - ᢥ   窥 ࠭ ( !) ப s,
                     ᯮ 梥⮢ ਡ a
      pressanykey -  뤠  ࠭ (ਬ,  ࠢ   -
                     窨) ⥪ "  ",   
                     짮⥫    ᫥饥 ⠭-
                      ᮮ⢥饩  ࠭
      clearwin     - ⪠ ⥪饣  (᪠  梥⮬ ࠭)
    
         2.3     
  楤 ண ஢ (ࠡ  ﬨ) ४ ॠ
᫥騥 楤 쥣 ஢ -  ࠡ      (
楤  ࠬ । ᠬ):
    -   ࠭ ᭮  ( 業 2);
    - 롮 ࠧ  ᭮ ; १ -   ࠭  ࠧ
( 業 2);
    -   ࠭  ⮤;
    - 롮 ࠧ   ⮤;  १ -  ࠭ ⮤ 
  室 (Enter  Esc); ( ⪠ ࠭  ⮣    -
 楤 clearwin - . 2.2.3);
    -   ०  롮 ०; १ -  ࠭ ०-
    室 (Enter  Esc);
    -       ( ஢મ); १  -  
    室 (Enter  Esc);
    -     , ᠬ   ( ஢મ)   
ᮮ⢥饣 ᨢ; १  㪠뢠, 襭  
   뫠   Esc;
    - 뤠 ⥪饣 ﭨ 㯮冷稢 ᨢ ( ⫠);
    - 뤠 ⠡  ࠪ⨪ (ࠢ, ६饭, ६) -
 楤 ஢  ० .
    
                                                             
              3.    .
                 ==================================
    
         3.1 冷 ࠧ  ᠭ.
    ᫨  ⠭ ᪠ 䨪஢ ⪨ 冷 ᫥ ࠧ-
 ᠭ  砫  (⪨, ⠭, ⨯, ६, 楤
 㭪樨),   ࡮ ᪠  ࠧ   ᯮ    
浪, 祬  ࠧ   ⭮.   ⮬
࠭ 饥 ࠢ ᪠:     뫠 ⮫쪮 -
 ⮣,   ᠭ.
            
         3.2 ⥫ 楫 ⨯
    ⠭  ⨯  integer । 楫 ᫠ ࠧ஬  2  (
-2^15  2^15-1).  ⮣  ࡮ ᪠   㣨 ⠭
楫 ⨯  ᫥騬 :
     shortint - 楫 ࠧ஬  1  ( -128  +127)
     longint  - 楫 ࠧ஬  4  ( -2^31  2^31-1)
     byte     - ⥫ 楫  1  ( 0  255)
     word     - ⥫ 楫  2  ( 0  2^16-1)
    ⬥⨬ ⠪,    ᫨  ᨬ (⨯ char)    
() , ਬ  83, ⮣  char(83)  
#83. ਬ: c:=#83.
    
         3.3 ஢ ⠭.
      祭 㤠筮 뢠  ६,  騥 砫
祭, .. 祭,     室   ணࠬ.  ⥬
 祭   . 뢠  ६ ⠪ ࠧ:
       const < ६>:< ⨯>=<⠭⭮ ࠦ>;
 ⠭⭮ ࠦ (ࠦ, ࠭ ண   ⮫쪮
⠭  饭  ⠭ 㭪  ࠬࠬ-⠭⠬) 
ࠧ   砫쭮 祭 ६. ਬ:
    const c:char=#27;
          menuattr:byte=16*LightGray+Black;
     ...
    c:='f';

         3.4 ⥫ , 楤  㭪樨
halt - ⠭ ணࠬ
exit - 室  ⥫ ⮩ 楤  㭪樨,   ⨫  -
       
inc(x) - x:=x+1 (x - ᫮ ६)
dec(x) - x:=x-1
random(n) - 㭪,   饭  ன 뤠   砩-
             楫 ᫮  १ [0, n-1].
    
         3.5 ७   CASE
      ᯨ᪥ ⠭  㪠뢠  ⠭.   
case ⨬ else-,   । ࠢ, ᫨   ।-
 ਠ  室饩 ⠭. ਬ:
       case k of
    1,4..8,15: x:=5; {믮  k=1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8  15}
    9: x:=4;         {믮  k=9}
    10..12: inc(x);  {믮  k=10, 11  12}
    else x:=0        {믮  ⠫ 祭 k}
       end
    
         3.6 ப ६  (⨯ string)
     ࡮ ᪠  ᯮ짮 ப  ⮬ ᫥,   ।-
  ⠭ 몠 ( 㯠 ᨬ ᨢ).   ࡮
᪠      㤮  ப  ६   ( - 
"ப"), ࠧ       믮  ணࠬ.
  ப    ⭮騬    ⠭⭮  ⨯ (筥, ⨯)
string.
    
    3.6.1 ᠭ ப  ।⠢   :
      var S:string[m];
 m - ᨬ쭠  ப S (m<=255).  ᫨ m=255,     [255]
 :
      var T:string;     {⭮: var T:string[255]}
    ப S  ।⠢     ᨬ ᨢ  m+1 ⮢,
   0  m.    S[0] ࠭  ⥪   (k,
k<=m)  ப,   S[1], ..., S[k] - ᠬ ᨬ ப ( S[k+1] 
..   ⭮騬  ⥪饬 祭 ப).     -
⠬  ப  ⢫    ६ S[i], 
ᬠਢ  ६ ⨯ char (S[1]:='*';  c:=S[4]).    
६  S[0]       ⥪饩  ப,  ᫥
뢠,    ६  ⨯ char; ⮬,  ਬ,  㧭
 ப    ࠦ ord(S[0]),     ᯮ짮-
 ⠭⭮ 㭪樥 length (. ).
    
    3.6.2 ப-⠭
  ப 뢠  'c1c2...cn',  ci - ᨬ  n>=0.
᪠    ப  (''). ப   ᨬ (ਬ, 'a')
 ६  稭 ⨯ char.
    
    3.6.3 樨  ப
    1) ᢠ:  S:=<ப ࠦ>
ᮡ  砩  :  ᫨  ᢠ ப  ᨬ쭮
 ப S,  譨 ࠢ ᨬ 뢠. ਬ:
         var S1:string[10]; S2:string[5];
          ...
         S1:='12345678';  {祭 S1 - ப '12345678'}
         S2:=S1;          {祭 S2 - ப '12345'}
    2) ⥭ (楯)  ப: S1+S2+...+Sk
 - ப, 祭 ᫥⥫ 믨뢠 ᨬ  㪠-
  ப.  ᫨  稫  255 ᨬ,  256-  ᫥騥
ᨬ 뢠.
    3) ࠢ ப  =, <>, <, <=, >  <=
 ࠢ ப   ࠧ묨.  ਬ: 'abc'>'ab' - -
⨭.
    
    3.6.4 ⠭ 㭪樨  ࠡ  ப
length(S) - ⥪  ப S
pos(SS,S) -  樨  ப S,  ன 稭 ࢮ 宦
            ப SS  S,  0, ᫨ SS  室  ப S.
            ਬ: pos('*','+-*/') --> 3
                     pos('ac','abcde') --> 0
copy(S,p,n) - ࠢ S[p..p+n-1], .. 뤠   ப  S    n
            ᨬ 稭  p-.
     ᮡ 砨: p>255 - 訡
            p>lensth(S)   - 뤠  ப
            p+n>length(S) - 뤠 S[p..length(S)]
       
    3.6.5  ⠭ 楤  ࠡ  ப
Delete(S,p,n) - S:=S[1..p-1]+S[p+n..length(S)], ..  ப S 㤠
            n ᨬ 稭  p-.
     ᮡ 砨: p>255 - 訡
            p>lensth(S)   - S  
            p+n>length(S) - S:=S[1..p-1]
Insert(SS,S,p) - ⠢  S ப SS 稭  p- 樨. ਬ:
            S:='abcde'; insert('XX',S,3) -> S='abXXcde'.
     ᮡ 砨: p>255 - 訡
            p>lensth(S)  - S:=S+SS
            ᫨  १ > ᨬ쭮  S,  譨 ࠢ
            ᨬ 뢠
Str(x,S)  -    write(x)  ᫮ x,  祭 x ( ᫥-
           ⥫쭮 ᨬ) 뢠  ப S.  ࠬ  x  
             ,    楤 write: e,  e:n,  e:n:d.

    3.6.6 ப 㭪樨, ࠬ-ப
  ࡮ ᪠ ࠧ襭 㭪樨, 祭ﬨ   ப. 
ᠭ ⠪ 㭪権  ⨯ 㪠뢠 ⮫쪮  ⨯:
      type T=string[80];
      function F1(...):T; ...
      function F2(...):string; ...
    ଠ ࠬ-ப ⠪ 뢠 ⮫쪮  ⨯:
      procedure P(var a:T; b:string); ...
᫨ ࠬ-ப 뢠  祭,   ⢥ 䠪᪮ -
ࠬ   㪠 ப   (᫨  ᫨誮 , 
譨 ࠢ ᨬ  襭).  ᫨  ࠬ-ப 뢠
  뫪,   ⨯ ଠ쭮  䠪᪮ ࠬ   -
묨.  ⮣,  ⭮, ᫥,    ப   -
 ᨬ ;   ࠭祭   (  -
 ஢), ᫨  砫 ணࠬ 㪠 ४⨢ {$V-}.
